Overview of investment treaty programme
1. What are the key features of the investment treaties to which this country is a party?
Germany
BIT Contracting Party or MIT [1] | Substantive protections | Procedural rights | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) | Expropriation | Protection and Security | Most-favoured-nation (MFN) | Umbrella clause | Cooling-off period [2] | Local courts | Arbitration | |
Afghanistan (12 October 2007) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Albania (18 August 1995) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Algeria (30 May 2002) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Angola (1 March 2007) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Antigua and Barbuda (28 February 2001) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Argentina (8 November 1993) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Armenia (8 November 1993) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Azerbaijan (29 July 1998) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Bahrain (27 May 2010) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Bangladesh (14 September 1986) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Barbados (11 May 2002) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Benin (18 July 1985) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Bosnia and Herzegovina (11 November 2007) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Botswana (6 August 2007) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Brunei Darussalam (15 June 2004) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Belarus (23 September 1996) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Burkina Faso (21 November 2009) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Burundi (9 December 1987) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Cambodia (14 April 2002) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Cameroon (21 November 1963) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Cape Verde (15 December 1993) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Central African Republic (21 January 1968) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Chad (23 November 1968) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Chile (8 May 1999) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
China (11 November 2005) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Congo, Democratic Republic of (22 July 1971) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Republic of the Congo (14 October 1967) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Costa Rica (24 April 1998) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Cote d’Ivoire (10 June 1968) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Cuba (22 November 1998) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Dominica (11 May 1986) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Egypt (22 November 2009) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
El Salvador (15 April 2001) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) (5 April 1990) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Ethiopia (4 May 2006) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Gabon (4 July 2007) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Georgia (27 September 1998) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Ghana (23 November 1998) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Guatemala (29 October 2006) |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
|
Guinea (14 August 2014) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 month |
Yes |
Yes |
Guyana (6 December 1989 provisionally) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Haiti (1 December 1975) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Honduras (27 May 1998) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Hong Kong, China (19 February 1998) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Iran, Islamic Republic (23 June 2005) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Jamaica (29 May 1996) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
12 months |
No |
Yes |
Jordan (28 August 2010) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Kazakhstan (10 May 1995) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Kyrgyzstan (16 April 2006) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Kenya (7 December 2000) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Korea (15 January 1967) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Kuwait (15 November 1997) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Lao People’s Democratic Republic (24 March 1999) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Lebanon (25 March 1999) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Lesotho (17 August 1985) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Liberia (22 October 1967) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Libya (15 October 2004) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
Yes |
Macedonia (17 September 2000) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Madagascar (17 October 2005) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Malaysia (6 July 1963) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Mali (28 June 1977 provisionally) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Mauritania (26 April 1986) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Mauritius (27 August 1973) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Mexico (23 February 2001) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Moldova (15 June 2006) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Mongolia (23 June 1996) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
Morocco (12 April 2008) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Mozambique (15 September 2007) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Namibia (21 December 1997) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Nepal (7 July 1988) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
3 months |
No |
Yes |
Nicaragua (19 January 2001) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Niger (10 January 1966) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Nigeria (20 September 2007) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Oman (4 April 2010) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
3 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Pakistan (28 April 1962) |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Panama (10 March 1989) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Papua New Guinea (3 November 1983) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Paraguay (3 July 1998) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Peru (1 May 1997) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Philippines (1 February 2000) |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Qatar (19 January 1999) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Rwanda (28 February 1969) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Saint Lucia (22 July 1987) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (8 January 1989) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Saudi Arabia (9 January 1999) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Senegal (16 January 1966) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Sierra Leone (10 December 1966) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Singapore (3 October 1973 provisionally) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Somalia (15 February 1985) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
South Africa (10 April 1998) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Sri Lanka (16 January 2004) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
State of Palestine (10 July 2000) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
Yes |
Sudan (24 November 1967) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Syrian Arab Republic (20 April 1980) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Tajikistan (25 May 2006) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
Tanzania, United Republic of (12 July 1968) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Thailand (20 October 2004) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Togo (21 December 1964) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Trinidad and Tobago (17 April 2010) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Tunisia (6 February 1966) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Turkey (5 December 1965) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Turkmenistan (19 February 2001) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
Uganda (19 August 1968) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Ukraine (29 June 1996) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
United Arab Emirates (2 July 1999) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Uruguay (29 June 1990) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
Yes |
Yes |
Uzbekistan (28 April 1993) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Russian Federation (5 August 1991) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Venezuela (16 October 1998) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Vietnam (19 September 1998) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Yemen (28 March 2008) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Yugoslavia (ie, still applicable to Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo) (25 October 1990) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Zambia (25 Aug 1972) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
Zimbabwe (14 Apr 2000) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
6 months |
No |
Yes |
Energy Charter Treaty (Germany's note of withdrawal takes effect on 21 December 2023)* |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
3 months |
Yes |
Yes |
* Germany, like several other member states of the European Union, has declared its withdrawal from the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) with effect as of 21 December 2023. For already existing investments, a withdrawal generally triggers the application of the so-called sunset clause contained in article 47(3) ECT. This clause provides that investments made before the withdrawal has taken effect will continue to enjoy protection under the ECT for a period of 20 years after the withdrawal. Of note, however, the European Commission has most recently (in July 2023) proposed a coordinated withdrawal of the EU, its member states and Euratom from the ECT. The effect of such a coordinated withdrawal (if and also depending on how it would take effect) on the operation of the sunset clause contained in the ECT would be likely to become a subject of intense debate. The same is true for the sunset clauses contained in the so-called intra-EU BITs between Germany and other EU member states that were already terminated in recent years (and thus are no longer listed in the table above).
Answer contributed by Susanne Schwalb, Vladyslav Kurylko and Eric BremerCMS Germany